Renters Airbnb Clone, A perfect Airbnb Clone script which helps you to create your own Vacation rental website instantly. 100 customizable 649. For success of any project test estimation and proper execution is equally important as the development cycle. Sticking to the estimation is very important to build. FierceTelecom covers the latest news on telecom companies, backhaul, ethernet, IPTV, and other trends driving the telecom industry into the future. ISO 9. 00. 0 Wikipedia. The ISO 9. 00. 0 family of quality management systems standards is designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to a product or program. 1ISO 9. ISO 9. 00. 1 deals with the requirements that organizations wishing to meet the standard must fulfill. 5Third party certification bodies provide independent confirmation that organizations meet the requirements of ISO 9. Over one million organizations worldwide6 are independently certified, making ISO 9. However, the ISO certification process has been criticized78 as being wasteful and not being useful for all organizations. 91. BackgroundeditISO 9. ISO International Organization for Standardization. 1. It was based on the BS 5. BSI that were proposed to ISO in 1. However, its history can be traced back some twenty years before that, to the publication of government procurement standards, such as the United States Department of Defense MIL Q 9. U. Ks Def Stan 0. Large organizations which supplied government procurement agencies often had to comply with a variety of quality assurance requirements for each contract awarded which led the defence industry to adopt mutual recognition of NATO AQAP, MIL Q and Def Stan standards. Eventually, ISO 9. Reasons for useeditThe global adoption of ISO 9. In the early days, the ISO 9. This helped reduce the need for supplier development by establishing basic requirements for a supplier to assure product quality. The ISO 9. 00. 1 requirements could be tailored to meet specific contractual situations, depending the complexity of product, business type design responsibility, manufacture only, distribution, servicing etc and risk to the procurer. If a chosen supplier was weak on the controls of their measurement equipment calibration, and hence QCinspection results, that specific requirement would be invoked in the contract. The adoption of a single Quality Assurance requirement also lead to cost savings throughout the supply chain by reducing the administrative burden of maintaining multiple sets of quality manuals and procedures. A few years later, the U. K. Government took steps to improve national competitiveness following publication of cmd 8. Third Party Certification of Quality Management Systems was born, under the auspices of the National Accreditation Council of Certification Bodies NACCB which has become the United Kingdom Accreditation Service UKAS. In addition to several stakeholders benefits, a number of studies have identified significant financial benefits for organizations certified to ISO 9. British Assessment Bureau showing 4. Corbett et al. showed that certified organizations achieved superior return on assets1. Heras et al. found similarly superior performance1. Naveha and Marcus claimed that implementing ISO 9. U. S. automotive industry. 1. Sharma identified similar improvements in operating performance and linked this to superior financial performance. 1. Chow Chua et al. Denmark. 1. 9 Rajan and Tamimi 2. ISO 9. 00. 1 certification resulted in superior stock market performance and suggested that shareholders were richly rewarded for the investment in an ISO 9. While the connection between superior financial performance and ISO 9. Corbett et al. 2. Other writers, such as Heras et al. ISO 9. 00. 1 certification. The mechanism for improving results has also been the subject of much research. Lo et al. 2. 00. Internal process improvements in organizations lead to externally observable improvements. 2. The benefit of increased international trade and domestic market share, in addition to the internal benefits such as customer satisfaction, interdepartmental communications, work processes, and customersupplier partnerships derived, far exceeds any and all initial investment. 2. Global adoptioneditThe increase in ISO 9. Worldwide total of ISO 9. Top 1. 0 countries for ISO 9. Rank. Country. No. China. 34. 2,8. 00. Italy. 16. 8,9. 60. Germany. 55,3. 63. Japan. 45,7. 85. 5India. United Kingdom. 40,2. Spain. 36,0. 05. 8United States. France. 29,1. 22. Australia. 19,7. 31. Top 1. 0 countries for ISO 9. Rank. Country. No. China. 29. 7,0. 37. Italy. 13. 8,8. 92. Russian Federation. Spain. 59,8. 54. 5Japan. Germany. 50,5. 83. United Kingdom. 44,8. India. 33,2. 50. 9United States. Korea, Republic of. Top 1. 0 countries for ISO 9. Rank. Country. No. China. 25. 7,0. 76. Italy. 13. 0,0. 66. Japan. 68,4. 84. 4Spain. Russian Federation. Germany. 47,1. 56. United Kingdom. 41,1. India. 37,4. 93. 9United States. Korea, Republic of. ISO 9. 00. 0 series Quality Management PrincipleseditThe ISO 9. QMP3. 1The seven quality management principles are QMP 1 Customer focus. QMP 2 Leadership. QMP 3 Engagement of people. QMP 4 Process approach. QMP 5 Improvement. QMP 6 Evidence based decision making. QMP 7 Relationship management. Principle 1 Customer focus. Organizations depend on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, should meet customer requirements and strive to exceed customer expectations. Principle 2 Leadership. Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction of the organization. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizations objectives. Principle 3 Engagement of people. People at all levels are the essence of an organization and their full involvement enables their abilities to be used for the organizations benefit. Principle 4 Process approach. A desired result is achieved more efficiently when activities and related resources are managed as a process. Principle 5 Improvement. Improvement of the organizations overall performance should be a permanent objective of the organization. Principle 6 Evidence based decision making. Effective decisions are based on the analysis of data and information. Principle 7 Relationship management. An organization and its external providers suppliers, contractors, service providers are interdependent and a mutually beneficial relationship enhances the ability of both to create value. Contents of ISO 9. A fish wholesaler in Tsukiji, Japan advertising its ISO 9. ISO 9. 00. 1 2. 01. Quality management systems Requirements is a document of approximately 3. Only ISO 9. 00. 1 is directly audited against for third party assessment purposes. Contents of ISO 9. Section 1 Scope. Section 2 Normative references. Section 3 Terms and definitions. Section 4 Context of the organization. Section 5 Leadership. Section 6 Planning. Section 7 Support. Section 8 Operation. Section 9 Performance evaluation. Section 1. 0 Improvement. Essentially the layout of the standard is similar to the previous ISO 9. Plan, Do, Check, Act cycle in a process based approach, but is now further encouraging this to have risk based thinking. The purpose of the quality objectives is to determine the conformity of the requirements customers and organizations, facilitate effective deployment and improve the quality management system. 3. Before the certification body can issue or renew a certificate, the auditor must be satisfied that the company being assessed has implemented the requirements of sections 4 to 1. Sections 1 to 3 are not directly audited against, but because they provide context and definitions for the rest of the standard, not that of the organization, their contents must be taken into account. The standard no longer specifies that the organization shall issue and maintain documented procedures, however ISO 9. The standard also requires the organization to issue and communicate a documented quality policy, a quality management system scope, and quality objectives. The standard no longer requires compliant organizations to issue a formal Quality Manual. The standard does require retention of numerous records, as specified throughout the standard. New for the 2. 01. The organization must demonstrate how the standards requirements are being met, while the external auditors role is to determine the quality management systems effectiveness. More detailed interpretation and implementation examples are often sought by organizations seeking more information in what can be a very technical area. CertificationeditInternational Organization for Standardization ISO does not certify organizations itself. Numerous certification bodies exist, which audit organizations and, upon success, issue ISO 9. Software Test Estimation 9 General Tips on How to Estimate Testing Time Accurately Software Testing Help. This is a guest article by Author N. Sandhya Rani. For success of any project test estimation and proper execution is equally important as the development cycle. Sticking to the estimation is very important to build good reputation with the client. Experience play major role in estimating software testing efforts. Working on varied projects helps to prepare an accurate estimation for the testing cycle. Obviously one cannot just blindly put some number of days for any testing task. Test estimation should be realistic and accurate. In this article I am trying to put some points in a very simple manner, which are helpful to prepare good test estimations. I am not going to discuss the standard methods for test estimations like testing metrics, instead I am putting some tips on How to estimate testing efforts for any testing task, which I learned from my experience. Factors Affecting Software Test Estimation, and General Tips to Estimate Accurately 1 Think of Some Buffer Time. The estimation should include some buffer. But do not add a buffer, which is not realistic. Having a buffer in the estimation enables to cope for any delays that may occur. Having a buffer also helps to ensure maximum test coverage. Consider the Bug Cycle. The test estimation also includes the bug cycle. The actual test cycle may take more days than estimated. To avoid this, we should consider the fact that test cycle depends on the stability of the build. If the build is not stable, then developers may need more time to fix and obviously the testing cycle gets extended automatically. Availability of All the Resources for Estimated Period. The test estimation should consider all the leaves planned by the team members typically long leaves in the next few weeks or next few months. This will ensure that the estimations are realistic. The estimation should consider some fixed number of resources for test cycle. If the number of resources reduces then the estimation should be re visited and updated accordingly. Can We Do Parallel Testing Do you have some previous versions of same product so that you can compare the output If yes, then this can make your testing task bit easier. You should think the estimation based on your product version. Estimations Can Go Wrong So re visit the estimations frequently in initial stages before you commit it. In early stages, we should frequently re visit the test estimations and make modification if needed. We should not extend the estimation once we freeze it, unless there are major changes in requirement. Think of Your Past Experience to Make Judgments Experiences from past projects play a vital role while preparing the time estimates. We can try to avoid all the difficulties or issues that were faced in past projects. We can analyze how the previous estimates were and how much they helped to deliver product on time. Consider the Scope of Project. Know what is the end objective of the project and list of all final deliverables. Factors to be considered for small and large projects differ a lot. Large project, typically include setting up test bed, generating test data, test scripts etc. Hence the estimations should be based on all these factors. Whereas in small projects, typically the test cycle include test cases writing, execution and regression. Are You Going to Perform Load Testing If you need to put considerable time on performance testing then estimate accordingly. Estimations for projects, which involve load testing, should be considered differently. Do You Know Your Team If you know strengths and weaknesses of individuals working in your team then you can estimate testing tasks more precisely. While estimating one should consider the fact that all resources may not yield same productivity level. Some people can execute faster compared to others. Though this is not a major factor but it adds up to the total delay in deliverables. And finally tip number 1. Over To You This test estimation tip is purposefully left blank so that you can comment your best estimation techniques in below comment section.
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